Which calculations are vital for assessing a vessel's stability?

To assess a vessel's stability, it is essential to understand the relationship between the center of gravity (CG), the metacentric height (GM), the righting arm, and stability margins. The center of gravity represents the point where the weight of the vessel is concentrated, and its location affects how the vessel responds to heeling forces.

The metacentric height (GM) is a measure of the stability of the vessel; a higher GM indicates better stability. The righting arm, which is the horizontal distance between the center of gravity and the center of buoyancy when the vessel is heeled, directly influences the ability of the vessel to return to an upright position after being tilted by external forces such as waves or wind.

Stability margins refer to various factors, including the maximum heel angle beyond which the vessel may capsize, as well as the overall safety of the vessel in its operational condition. By examining CG location, GM, righting arms, and stability margins, you can determine whether a vessel is able to maintain stable operation under various loading conditions and external forces.

The other choices, while related to the overall performance and operational aspects of the vessel, do not encapsulate the specific stability calculations critical for evaluating how well a vessel can