What is the effect of a low center of gravity on a vessel?

A low center of gravity plays a crucial role in enhancing a vessel's stability. When the center of gravity is lowered, the weight of the vessel is positioned closer to the waterline, which decreases the likelihood of capsizing. This stability is essential, particularly in rough seas or during maneuvers that could cause the vessel to heel (lean) to one side.

A low center of gravity results in a higher metacentric height (GM), which is the distance between the center of gravity and the metacenter. This improved metacentric height contributes to a vessel's ability to right itself after being tilted. By lowering the center of gravity, the leverage that the righting arm can exert is increased, further reducing the risk of capsizing when the vessel encounters forces such as waves, wind, or shifts in cargo.

The other options present scenarios that do not accurately reflect the implications of a low center of gravity. For instance, while a low center of gravity does not increase wind resistance or complicate loading procedures, it is primarily advantageous for maintaining stability and safety at sea.