What is the concept of "angle of heel" in naval architecture?

The angle of heel is a critical concept in naval architecture that refers to the angle at which a vessel tilts from its vertical axis. This angle is particularly important during a vessel's operation, as it affects stability, handling, and performance. When a vessel experiences external forces, such as wind or waves, it can cause the vessel to lean or tilt to one side, which is measured as the angle of heel.

This measurement is essential for ensuring that the vessel remains stable and does not capsize. Stability calculations often involve understanding how the angle of heel influences the center of gravity and buoyancy. Monitoring the angle of heel is crucial for safe navigation and for preventing accidents, making it a fundamental aspect of a vessel's design and operational management.

The other choices address different aspects of naval architecture but do not relate to the concept of a vessel's tilt or lean.