What is meant by "Heel Action" during the operation of a vessel?

Heel action refers to the tilting or leaning of a vessel, which can occur due to external forces or weight distribution. This phenomenon is particularly important in understanding a ship's stability. When a vessel encounters wind, waves, or changes in weight distribution (for example, when cargo shifts or when water is taken onboard), it may start to heel or tilt to one side. This tilting can affect the ship's center of gravity and its overall stability, potentially leading to adverse effects if not managed properly.

Understanding heel action is crucial for ensuring that a vessel remains balanced and does not exceed its stability limits, which can result in capsizing. The implications of heel are significant in maritime operations, particularly in navigation and cargo handling, where stability is vital for safety.