What is dynamic stability concerned with?

Dynamic stability is primarily concerned with how a vessel responds to changes in conditions, particularly in light of external forces or weight shifts. This concept incorporates the reactions of the ship to various dynamic factors such as waves, wind, and cargo movement, which may cause the vessel to heel or change its trim.

Understanding dynamic stability is crucial for ensuring that a vessel can handle operational stresses without capsizing or becoming unstable in different scenarios encountered on the water. This involves analyzing the vessel's response to movements and ensuring adequate recovery from any heeling that occurs, which is vital for safe navigation and operation.

The other options focus on aspects of stability that do not encompass the behavioral changes of a vessel in real-time operations, such as static stability at rest, initial heel angles, or static weight distribution, which do not address the complexities involved in dynamic conditions.