How can improper vessel loading impact stability?

Improper vessel loading significantly impacts stability primarily by raising the center of gravity, which can lead to instability. When a vessel is loaded incorrectly, such as with heavy items placed too high above the waterline or unevenly distributed cargo, the center of gravity shifts upwards. A higher center of gravity results in a reduced metacentric height, which means that the vessel is less stable and more likely to heel or tip over in response to external forces, such as wind or waves.

Maintaining an optimal center of gravity is crucial for ensuring that a vessel can right itself when heeled over. If the center of gravity is too high, the vessel will become increasingly susceptible to capsizing, especially in rough sea conditions. Thus, understanding the principles of loading and how they affect the center of gravity is essential for maintaining a vessel's stability and safety during operation.